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Debt restructuring is often presented as a turning point—a reset that restores sustainability, credibility, and growth momentum. For Ethiopia, recent debt restructuring efforts have been framed as a necessary intervention to stabilize an economy strained by years of heavy public investment, foreign exchange shortages, and external shocks. Relief from immediate debt servicing pressures has provided fiscal breathing space and reduced the risk of near-term default. Yet the more fundamental question is not whether restructuring helps , but whether it resolves the underlying conditions that made debt distress inevitable in the first place . History offers a sobering lesson: debt restructuring without structural transformation frequently postpones crisis rather than prevents it. This essay argues that Ethiopia’s debt restructuring, while necessary and beneficial in the short term, is insufficient on its own . Without deep reforms to growth drivers, export capacity, state finances, and insti...

            AU–China Partnership: Strategic Autonomy or New Dependencies? The African Union (AU)–China partnership has emerged as one of the most significant international relationships for Africa in the 21st century.  With Chinese investment spanning infrastructure, trade, finance, technology, and education, the partnership presents enormous opportunities for African development.  However, it also raises critical questions regarding Africa’s strategic autonomy —the ability to act independently in political, economic, and security matters—and the potential for new dependencies on external powers.  Understanding this balance is essential for African policymakers, scholars, and civil society actors as they navigate the evolving geopolitical landscape. I. Enhancing Africa’s Strategic Autonomy Strategic autonomy refers to the continent’s capacity to set and pursue its own development, political, and security priorities without undue externa...

A rigorous, critical examination of whether AU–EU dialogue reflects a genuine partnership of equals or continues to reproduce post-colonial power imbalances . The central conclusion is that while the dialogue has evolved institutionally and rhetorically, post-colonial asymmetries remain structurally embedded , shaping outcomes more than formal declarations of equality. Partnership of Equals or Post-Colonial Continuity? Power, Memory, and Structure in AU–EU Dialogue The AU–EU dialogue is formally framed as a continent-to-continent partnership of equals , grounded in mutual respect, shared values, and co-ownership of priorities. This language represents a significant departure from earlier eras of overt colonial administration and post-independence tutelage. Yet equality in dialogue is not determined by terminology or symbolism alone. It is determined by who sets agendas, who controls resources, who defines norms, and who bears the consequences of disagreement . When these factors a...

                                 The Paradox of Unity in Diversity Africa is often celebrated as the continent of diversity — home to over 1.4 billion people, more than 2,000 ethnic groups, and an array of languages, traditions, and spiritual worldviews. Yet, this same diversity has been both its strength and its curse. While ethnic identity gives meaning, belonging, and pride, it has also fragmented nations, fueled conflict, and distorted governance. The question that haunts Africa today is simple but profound: can true unity ever emerge if access to power and resources remains dictated by ethnicity rather than equity? From Nigeria’s political zoning system to Kenya’s ethnic coalitions, from South Sudan’s clan-based conflicts to Cameroon’s Anglophone divide, ethnic identity continues to shape who governs, who benefits, and who remains marginalized. Unity in such conditions becomes a fragile illusion...

Inherited Christianity in the West is struggling in large part because it often fails to engage the existential questions that define modern life. The issue is not that Christianity lacks answers, but that inherited forms of it frequently present those answers in ways that feel abstract, outdated, or disconnected from lived experience. 1. Inheritance without existential encounter Existential questions—Who am I? Why am I here? What gives life meaning? How should I suffer? What happens when I fail?—are typically confronted at moments of crisis, doubt, or transition. Inherited Christianity often reaches individuals before these questions become urgent, framed as tradition rather than as a response to inner conflict. Without a personal encounter between belief and existential struggle, faith remains conceptual rather than necessary. 2. Moral instruction without meaning-making Many expressions of inherited Christianity emphasize moral rules, social respectability, or cultural values, bu...

  A Global Wake-Up Call: Africa Is Not a Battlefield for Foreign Ambitions The Time for Silence Has Passed Africa is not collapsing by accident. Africa is being systematically destabilized . Wars that never end. Extremist movements that regenerate. Governments weakened, societies fractured, and resources extracted under the cover of “partnership,” “security cooperation,” or “development assistance.” Behind much of this instability stands a familiar pattern: external powers pursuing strategic depth, resource access, arms markets, and ideological leverage—at Africa’s expense . The time has come to name this reality openly and to call for coordinated global, non-violent protest and pressure against foreign state behavior that perpetuates African conflict. This is not anti-internationalism. This is anti-exploitation . The Pattern the World Refuses to Confront Across regions—from the Sahel to the Horn, from Libya to the Great Lakes—African conflicts show recurring charact...